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zipper jewelry wholesale Impact = Direct impact (visible, what has occurred) potential effects (invisible, may occur). Therefore, I will talk about the impact of the Tanga volcanic eruption from these two aspects.
I. Before that, let's review the intensity and scope of the volcanic eruption. On January 15, 2022 local time, a violent eruption occurred in Tangjia's bottom volcano, causing the local tsunami. Many reports show that the intensity of the explosion can reach the level of 1,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs.
The direct impact brought by this is also very huge. After the volcanic eruption, due to the affected communication facilities, Tang Jia began to enter the "lost contact" state. The current specific economic loss and casualties are still in the evaluation to be evaluated. state.
If the volcano brings the front play, then the tsunami can be said to have opened the new prelude to the affected area in the Pacific. The tsunami brought by the volcanic eruption has a large or small impact on the neighbor of the South Pacific and even the entire Pacific coast. The influence includes but not limited to the collapse of the house, the damage to the road, and the interruption of communication ........
The facts that I mentioned the facts mentioned earlier. These direct impacts can be clearer through subsequent evaluations, so do you only stop here?
ofcourse not!
Mi friends may feel that tsunami does not necessarily affect the world? Even conjecture, will Tanga, as a small island country, will affect the economy and even zheng-? What I want to say is, yes, but not because it is Tang Jia. Any rare volcanic eruption will have an impact on the world, no matter where it happens.
The simple logic chain we can summarize: volcanic eruption-> climate change-> agriculture, economy, decision -making ...
(1) why the volcanic eruption affects the global climate Intersection
-a large amount of volcanic ash will be generated when the volcanic eruption is generated, and these volcanic ash often rushes out of the stream to reach the flat stratum. Flat stratum, as the name suggests, there is no right current, very calm. Calm means that when the volcanic ash reaches the flat stratum, the presidential stability exists (the aviation industry will be affected).
and when the volcanic ash exists for a long time, solar radiation will not be able to reach the ground through the flat stratum. Therefore, the solar radiation received by the ground will decrease, resulting in relatively low temperature.
(2) What is the impact of the volcanic eruption?
Theoretically, within 2 to 5 years after the volcanic eruption, the global temperature is about 0.3 ~ 0.5 degrees lower than normal. When the temperature decreases, the corresponding crop yield will be greatly affected. When the agricultural structure changes, the corresponding economic and adaptable strategies will change.
In short, the large eruption of the Tanga volcano not only affects the local and near countries, but also has a significant impact on the global climate in the future.
wholesale jewelry stores in california The influence on the local area
The most serious local problem is volcanic ash, and the volcanic ash has been found at a height of 63,000 feet.
For the influence of volcanic ash on flights, the surface volcanic eruption will cause a large amount of volcanic ash to enter the air. The main component of volcanic ash is silicon dioxide. When encountering the aircraft engine, it will cause it to block and turn off, causing an accident.
The surrounding islands, including Tangjia, may face huge humanitarian disasters. Tonga's disconnection from the Philippines after the typhoon last year was very similar. Whether it is the infrastructure damage caused by the tsunami or the volcanic ash downshift disaster, the interruption of communication means that the local problems cannot be responded to the outside world. And because the volcanic ash rushed straight to the top of the stream, the radius of the scattered radius reached hundreds of kilometers. This also means that aviation operations cannot be performed within the scope of volcanic ash diffusion. In the case of aviation interruption, international assistance cannot be arrived as soon as possible, and even can only travel by ships. This will greatly delay rescue and disposal progress.
The monitoring agencies have issued tsunami alerts to the area after the volcanic outbreak, and some areas of the Tanga Islands have been attacked and damaged. Tonga faces the threat of tsunami, rainstorms, floods and strong winds throughout the territory.
The impact on my country
The waters of our country monitored the tsunami wave on the early morning of the 16th. Among them, the largest tsunami volatility in Shipu Station in Zhejiang was about 20 cm, and the remaining tsunami stations were less than 15 cm. The process did not have a disaster impact on the coast of my country.
The impact on the world
Due to its high latitude and in the southern hemisphere, low temperature may occur in the southern hemisphere. Follow -up will be continuously erupted, the impact of judgment on global climate, and then analyzes the impact of global crop output.
The severe outbreaks of volcanic explosions in history have affected the global temperature decline, especially in summer to cool down. The high VEI 6 of the Tangjia volcanic outbreak of volcanic volcano, you need to pay special attention to whether there is sufficient accumulation temperature for the main producing area of the crop in the summer of this year and next. In particular, it is still in the state of La Na, and it is prone to low temperature and rain in the northern hemisphere in summer. If the accumulation temperature is insufficient, spring crops may be reduced. It is recommended to pay attention to the planting target Suzhi Nongfa, seed stocks, Dabeongnong, Denghai Seeds, etc.
The tsunami caused by the "epic" volcanic eruption has arrived in many countries along the Pacific Ocean. According to the latest news on the 16th of CCTV News Client, according to global water level monitoring data, the volcanic eruption caused the Oceanic tsunami and affected the entire Pacific coast.
jewelry wholesale market in ahmedabad It is not difficult to understand the direct impact of volcanic eruption on the surrounding area on the local impact.
It high -temperature volcanic ash, toxic gases, dandruff coverage, and tsunami, and tsunami caused by volcanic eruptions, such as high -temperature volcanic ash, toxic gases, dandruff coverage. The Vesuway volcano erupted in 79 AD completely destroyed Pompeii and Herkunim City. Earthquake, a large number of buildings in the two cities have not yet completed the reconstruction when the volcanic erupted. Many residents have moved away from their home earthquake because of the earthquake. Lindi was killed on the way to rescue friends), but this eruption still directly killed at least 13,000 people. In the list of volcanic disasters recorded by humans, the Vesuway volcano that destroyed the two cities could not be squeezed in. In 1815, the outbreak of the Tanbola volcanic in Indonesia in 1815 has directly killed. The statistical data of the colonial authorities is about 71,000 people, and considering its huge volcanic debris coverage area, some people also count data from more than 250,000 people.
In the outbreak of Hongjia Decoction and volcanic outbreak to the surrounding surroundings. There is no reliable data at present. Volcano, in the early 17th century, European explorers have smelled the island from Polynesia's population -the aboriginal people call it "the island of jumping back and forth", which is enough for volcanic activity to often lead to the appearance of the island at the time. It is constantly changing, and the island often emerges after disappearing on the sea because of the outbreak. It is precisely because of this factor that the island has not been settled by the South Island people for a long time. In the past ten years, the volcanic activities here have also been active. In 2009, volcanic eruption activities appeared in the place in 2014-15, so there is no threat from volcanic eruption to "residents on the island" because the volcano is because the volcano There are no residents on the island.
Itta is only 65 kilometers away from the island as the capital of the Tanga Kingdom. The population is relatively dense. The threat of tsunami, volcanic ash, and gas caused by volcanic eruptions is likely to bring a direct threat to residents on the island. But unfortunately, the data returned earlier is still very scarce. As of now, the case of direct personnel death caused by the outbreak of the volcanic eruption comes from the secret -a car in Lanbayek, northern Peru, after being attacked by the tsunami, the driver escaped, 2 female passengers During the death.
The influence on global
and understanding the global impact caused by the strong volcanic eruption (referring to the volcanic outbreak strength index VEI ≥ 4), the logical principle is relatively straightforward.
Due to gravity reasons, the volcanic ash erupted by the volcano will be relatively fast to the ground, but after the sulfur -containing compounds sprayed out to the flat stratum, the purification process of the flat flow layer lacks rainfall can be long -term, it can be long -term. The stable floating, under the action of sunlight and water vapor, gaseous body such as sulfur dioxide will form gas solids sulfate in half a year to one year, and the gas solution continues to diffuse or even cover the global process. The temperature decreases.
The understanding principle and logic are one thing, and specific identity is another thing. The distance that is far away can easily make people feel alienated about the power of a volcano -Tang Jia is so far from China, their volcanic eruption can really affect our lives?
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wholesale pearls jewelry china On Saturday, January 15th, the family of Tanga MERE TAUFA was preparing for dinner, and suddenly hearing a loud noise. Tao Fa's younger brother thought that a bomb exploded nearby. But in fact, it was a submarine volcano of Tonga, which occurred very violent eruption.
This article | chestnuts, Erqi
The volcanic ash and steam released by volcanic eruptions of the sea floor are mixed with the air to form a huge flow of feathers, which rushes about 30,000 meters high, and the height of civil aviation aircraft is usually usually the height There are only about 10,000 meters. This heavy feathers cover the sky, causing the southern Pacific islands to cover the haze of volcanic ash.
It, the air quality was seriously affected, and the Tangjia authorities were reminding the public to bring a mask to protect the lungs. At the same time, water sources are also contaminated, and freshwater has become a resource for people's urgent needs. But for the Tao Fa family, the more terrible is that the tsunami caused by volcanic eruption attacked their area. The sea water quickly poured into the house, and everyone fled to the high terrain.
In a few hours after the disaster, most contact information in the disaster area and the outside world are cut off. Originally, the telephone and network services in Tonga were almost supported by the submarine cables, and the volcanic eruption of the submarine destroyed the cable. Satellite communication used to replace cables is hindered because of the existence of volcanic ash. For a while, the casualties in various places are unknown.
So how much power is the volcanic eruption, and why is it such a violent eruption?
The explosion sounds to thousands of kilometers
The volcanic volcano erupted this time. It is a volcanic island that is only 40 kilometers from Tomoko Island. If you think the name is very round, in fact, Hong Atanga and Hong Ahaparaben is two islands, which is a volcanic eruption to make them together.
The eruption of a new round of rounds began on December 20, 2021. At that time, the explosion sound was also heard from 170 kilometers. Since then, eruption is intermittent, until January 5 this year, the volcanic event finally stopped. But within a few days, the volcano sent the volcano ash to 17,000 meters high on January 13, and the Tanga government also issued a tsunami warning. And followed by the rare eruption on January 15.
This time, the explosion sound not only shocked the Tao Fa family in the Tanga. 7 hours after the volcanic eruption, it was heard by Alaska residents thousands of kilometers away, and the speed was about 830 kilometers. Compared with this power, those large and small eruptions have appeared inadequate.
So, where does the huge explosion come from?
This is a submarine volcano. If the magma is slowly entering the sea water from the ground, a thin steam film will form between the magma and water. Even if the high -temperature magma at 1200 ° C encounters cold sea water, the film will cool down the film. However, if the magma is sprayed out of the ground full of volcanic gases, it quickly enters the seawater. Any steam film will break, allowing high -temperature magma to directly contact the cold seawater. In the eyes of scientists, this is the interaction of fuel-coolant, just like a weapon-level explosion.
Is when the explosion tears the magma into fragments, and then the new high temperature surface is in contact with cold water, and the explosion will continue ... After the weekly, it may cause a very severe explosion. Professor Brian Schmidt, a Nobel Prize in Physics and the National University of Australia, believes that the explosion in the volcanic eruption is equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs.
In the eyes of volcanic scholars, this is a violent eruption of Tanga volcano. Satellite imaging results show huge volcanic gray clouds, and also showed the shockwave that rapidly spread near the crater. In Tanga, the glass of many houses was shattered by the impact wave, and in the cross -ocean tsunami caused by volcanic eruption, the shock wave also played a role.
The countries have issued tsunami warnings. For example, Yami City, not far from my country, monitored a 1.2 -meter water level on the evening of the 15th, and Japan issued tsunami warnings for regions such as Amami Islands. Hong Kong in my country has monitored a sharp rise in air pressure on the evening of the 15th, but no obvious water level has risen.
of course, the first is Tang Jia, especially the area near the volcanic island, which is the other islands in the Hapy Islands. At least 6,000 residents live there. Due to severe damage to the domestic communication system in Tonga, it is currently being repaired. It may take some time to know the affected situation in various places.
This "Breaking Volcanic Port"
Tangjia volcano is located on the Pacific sector and the Indian-Australian sector dive the border. It is part of the volcanic arc of the Tonga Kmadk Islands. Over the past few decades, the Tangjia volcano has actually had many eruption incidents. In late December 2014, a small -scale eruption of Tangjia volcano sprayed a large amount of steam and volcanic ash in the air. The eruption lasted for about 5 weeks. At the end of the eruption, the two small islands of Hong Atanga and Hong Ahapara were sedimentary into a island. The center of the island could see an obvious volcanic cone.
. This is not the real crater. The real crater (broken volcano, Caldera) of Tangjia volcano is hidden under the sea, about 20 kilometers in diameter. The typical cone crater in our impression often comes from the formation volcano (also known as composite volcano), lava flow and volcanic dandruff into the layer, and gradually accumulate into the conical shape we are familiar with. However, in comparison, the broken volcanic mouth looks like a wide mouth plate.
The volcanic mouth of Tangjia volcano is hidden under the sea (picture source: s. J. Cronin, M. Brenna, I. E. M. S. S. Barker, M. Tost, M. FORD , S. Tonga'ONEVAI, T. Kula and R., 2017)
The difference between the volcanic volcanic volcanic volcano and the formation volcano and shield -like volcano is not only in the appearance, but also the scale of eruption. After breaking the volcano, the volcano is often accumulated in the underground magma room, and a large amount of magma spit out at one time. At this time, the magma room that has been empty or over the air is weak to support the rock above, and the surface will collapse down to form a huge "bowl". Because of this, the scale of broken volcanic volcanic eruptions is often larger than layers of volcanic.
The characteristics seem to make the Tangjia volcano destined to usher in a large -scale eruption. Li Weiran, who is working on rock science and volcanic academic at the University of Cambridge, England, said: "This volcanic tendency will have a violent eruption ... because the volume of its underground magma room is usually relatively large, and there is a long eruption cycle … (In recent years) The eruptions of Tangjia volcano before, it may have been accumulating, and it is brewing energy until this large eruption is generated. "
In 2017, the Shan Croar of the University of Auckland, New Zealand SHANE CRONIN and colleagues in -depth research on the volcanic sediments on the two islands, and compared with volcanic gray stuffy on Tabu Island 65 kilometers away. They found that the Tangjia volcano had erupted at least twice in history. The radioactive carbon test year shows that about every 1000 years, a large -scale eruption occurred in the Tanga volcano, the last time in 1100. Since then, some small -scale eruptions have occurred, but they mainly occur at the edge of the crater. Until more than a thousand years later, the Tonga volcano "prepared" and "arrived as scheduled" again.
Is "the year of no summer" will appear?
At present, this eruption activity of Tonga volcano continues, so at this stage, it is also difficult for us to produce the conclusions of the eruption scale of Tonga volcano. The scale of volcanic eruptions often uses Volcanic Index (VEI) to comprehensively determine this index from the total amount of material sprayed by the volcano, the eruption height of the volcanic gases, and the duration of volcanic eruption. Therefore, before the end of this eruption, it was impossible to judge the VEI level of this eruption. "Because this index basically needs to be judged after the eruption is basically over, it is difficult to say that VEI reaches the level. Some volcanoes look fierce or cause a large disaster, but the volume is not large, so VEI is not high high, so it is not high in VEI. .Vei depends on how much the volume sprayed, so it is not a particularly high VEI. "Li Weiran said.
The volcanic eruption this time also allowed the word "no summer" to enter the public's vision. In April 1815, the Tanbola volcano in Indonesia suddenly broke out, and the scale reached VEI 7. Records show that the height of the volcanic ash pillars sprayed at that time reached 45 kilometers, and the temperature in most parts of Europe, which was most affected, reduced the temperature of most of the regions of Europe by 2-4 ° C, making the following 1816 the famous "The Year of the Summer" Without a Summer). Crops around the world have apologized, which has also led to large -scale famine.
The influence of this scale mainly comes from sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in volcanic gases. When a large amount of SO ₂ enter the flat stratum (about 10-20 kilometers above sea level), SO₂ will reflect the formation of sulfate gas solidar. It can have a long period of time and reflect the sunlight to make the surface cold.
It another volcanic eruption caused by another global climate in recent years occurred in 1991. The eruption of Pinubo volcano in the Philippines caused the global average temperature to fall by about 0.5 ° C. Records show that the eruption releases about 20 million tons of SO₂. In contrast, according to NASA's satellite monitoring data, although the gas eruption gas erupted this time has reached a height of nearly 30 kilometers, the sulfur dioxide currently released is only about 400,000 tons. distance. From the current level, the impact on global temperature may not be obvious.
Reference links:
https: // EOS/Science-Updates/New-Volcanic-ISLAND-Unveils- EXPLOSIVE- PAST
https://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/pdfs/ Bluth __. PDF
https://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/pix/daiLY/0122/tonga_0122z N HTTPS: ///world/2022/01/15/tsunami-zealand -Volcano-ERuption/
HTTPS: /// why-the-Volcanic-ERuption-in-WAS-SO-VIOLENT-And-TO-EXPECT-NEXT-175035 N HTTPS:/ // news/world-asia-60007119
https: /// Science/Article/The-SCIENCE-BEHIND-The-ERuption-Andami N
wholesale runway jewelry At 0:15 on the 16th local time, about 11 hours after the eruption of Tangjia's sea floor, the Japanese Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami alert on the Amami Islands and Tuchra Islands, saying that the height of the tsunami may be as high as 3 meters. At the same time The regional tsunami reminds that the tsunami is expected to reach 1 meter high.
The Japanese Meteorological Agency prompts in the tsunami warning, "The tsunami is reaching the coastal area, please evacuate immediately! The tsunami may come many times, and it may be higher than the waves. Shelter! "
The reports from the Japan Meteorological Agency did not receive a report on the casualties caused by the tsunami. Gaozhi County confirmed that three ships sank, but there were no one on the boat. The area affected by the tsunami has opened up temporary refuge.
vei8 volcanic eruption is a great rival for human civilization. Vei8 volcanic eruption generally leads to a biological extinction.
The eruption may eventually be classified as high-end VEI5 or low-end VEI6, because its latitude position is high and is in the southern hemisphere, so it should not be obvious on the global climate. There may be an average of about 0-0.2 about 0-0.2. The temperature fluctuates, but it is obviously weaker than Pinatobo. But it is in the waters of La Na-El Nino, so the impact on Lamina El Nino needs close attention. At the same time, its volcanic ash will not be as worried about floating in China as everyone is worried. It is likely that it is affected by the atmospheric activity of the flat stratum to Australia.
It, my country will not be affected by obvious tsunami, because one is the first island chain weaken the tsunami wave, and the other is that the East my country Sea continental frame is shallow and the tsunami wave length is long. It is already the end of the crossbow on the east coast of our country, so you don't have to worry about the influence of the tsunami on the outbreak of the Tangjia volcano on my country.
The volcanic eruption is Plood -style eruption, also known as Vesuway eruption, yes, that is, the Vesuway that destroys Pompeii City.
The characteristics are: caused by the fragments of gas magma, released huge energy during eruption, release the volcanic gases and volcanic ash sprayed into the flat stratum, and the volcanic ash pillar is mushroom -shaped. The eruption effect is very similar to the chimney.
Plinini eruption volcanic structure.
The explosive eruption. When eruption, a violent explosion occurs. At the same time, a large amount of gas and volcanic debris are sprayed. Dandruff (volcanic bullet) and volcanic ash. This eruption power is particularly great, and the volcanic eruption that causes the extinction of creatures in geological history belongs to this. It can be understood that the volcanic channel "blew" in "shooting (eruption)", and a large amount of magma is like the soup burst, forming an magma flow.
Mmaids are like soup, debris is like volcanic bullets
Please forgive the metaphor of eating the brain of food.
The direct large -scale harm caused by measuring it -I will not repeat it. The range is shown in the figure.
I focus on continuous harm.
1. The harm to the aviation industry, a large number of volcanic ash enters the flat flow, causing great harm to the turbine operation of the main aircraft jet of the aviation industry today, and it may be harmful to the Oceania aviation industry for 3-6 months or even longer.
The main route diagram of the world, gray is roughly influenced
It can be seen that Australia, New Zealand flying Central Asia and America's routes are basically paralyzed. Essence
2. A large amount of volcanic ash and gas solidar, entering the flat flow layer to the global diffusion, forming haze clouds to block solar radiation, it is expected to bring global temperature decrease by 0.2-0.3 ° C. Do not look at the size of the amplitude. The temperature is not the same.
3. As the strongest volcanic eruption in the past 30 years, the eruption area forms a monitoring area near ENSO. It has a significant impact on ENSO.
el nino formation stage
The process is similar to the impact of winter and summer caused by the figure below
el nino
Winter-Southern Hemisphere Summer, South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in my country become warm and humid, and precipitation increases. The southern United States became cold, and the northwestern America became warm. The southern part of Australia has become extremely high temperature, the southeast of Africa is warming, the eastern South America is abnormally warmed, and the southern precipitation increases. In the summer of the northern hemisphere, Australia Village is dry, and South America is abnormally warmed.
The climate abnormalities have a great impact on agricultural production.
The formation of El Nino will affect the major agricultural regions of the world. Whether it is an unusual precipitation, warm dryness will reduce agricultural production.
Global grain prices have risen, agricultural futures fluctuations increase, and friends who play agricultural futures.
It if the eruption time continues, a large amount of gas solution enters the flat stratum, the extreme cold event and strong convection weather in the northern hemisphere will increase, and the cold wave of Blizzard will be as in 2008.