Jewelry industry scientific research work progress

Lu Taijin
In order to accelerate the overall strength of the jewelry industry's scientific research, ensure the sustainable and coordinated development of scientific research, give full play to the role of scientific research in promoting the development of the industry, and combine the actual situation of the development of the industry in this industry, we have proposed some scientific research development The planning ideas are to clearly develop the long -term, sustainable and stable development of scientific research with the goals, directions and priorities of development.
1. Industry scientific research development plan
1.1 Basic principles of scientific research development planning
The basic principles of scientific research development are: "strengthen innovation, highlight characteristics, play advantages, overall advancement, service industry", so Technology innovation is the driving force, with scientific research investment as the guarantee, guided by results rewards, establishing awareness of achievements, and promoting the sustainable and coordinated development of scientific research.
1.2 The main goals of the scientific research development plan
The main goal of scientific research development planning is to promote the comprehensive development of my country's scientific research work.
(1) Strengthen basic theoretical research. Perform the basic minerals, rock science, and gemstology of jewelry and jade in my country's unique resources and major markets, and strive to innovate and break through in basic theoretical research. Scientific practical methods and indicators. The research and appraisal of major gemstones in the world strives to quickly catch up with the level of international top -level research institutions in basic research, actively innovate in application research to reach advanced levels.
(2) Strengthen application research. Strengthen the combination of "production, learning, and research" to solve difficult technical problems facing jewelry companies and jewelry testing.
(3) Strengthen the construction of scientific researchers and teams. Establish a scientific research team that combines basic research and application research, combines the combination of old and Chinese and young, and takes the main tasks of solving the actual problems in the industry, and conducts research on key scientific research problems with my country's national conditions.
(4) Strengthen scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. The national and international academic exchanges and special seminars will be held regularly or irregularly. The methods of "please come in" and "go global" are used to strengthen the opportunities for exchanges between scientific researchers, especially young researchers and international peers.
Figure 7-1-6 Laser Raman microscope detection diamond
2. Special research on treasure jade
2.1 Diamond research
2008 Global Health Crisis will be sold in the United States, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan Studies such as Europe and other countries have dropped sharply, and related research such as diamond appraisal has almost stagnated. In contrast, due to the growth of the economy in the oriental markets such as China and the stable demand of diamonds, Western diamond merchants have actively promoted diamond products in China and launched some products and marketing plans for Chinese diamond consumers. In view of the lack of knowledge of diamond consumers in diamonds, especially for various types of processing and use of high -tech technology treatment, optimization, or logo, the National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center carried out the high temperature and high -pressure treatment diamonds and radical treatment. Diamonds, high -tech new coating processing diamonds and various artificial marks on the surface of diamonds have been studied and achieved gratifying staged results. Some achievements are published in relevant domestic professional magazines and academic papers.
Considering the trend and development of international diamond grading, and in conjunction with the revision of the national standard of "Diamond Horge", the National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center and the Chinese University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Jewelry have carried out the quality of diamond cutting in recent years Research on quantitative evaluation. A detailed comparative analysis and calculation of the international popular diamonds' comprehensive cutting quality classification system. Basic research on diamond cutting symmetry and aesthetics. Part of its achievements provides technical support for the revision of the national standard of "Diamond Grade".
In recent years, some diamond jewelry encountered mixed synthetic synthetic silicon carbide or synthetic diamonds. The National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center and the Guangdong Jewelry, Jewelry and Precious Metal Inspection Center were carried out. Introduction and information exchanges at home and abroad.
The National Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Project "Research on the Source and Fingerprint of Fingerprint of Diamond Place and its fingerprint characteristics of the National Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Project" Research on the Golden Bedry Process Framework "by the Ministry of Land and Resources Expand research.
2.2 color gemstone research
(1) Study on red sapphire
At present, the annual consumption of red sapphire in my country only accounts for only 1%to 2%of the total jewelry consumption, and the development of the red sapphire market In mature European and American countries, the market share of red jewels can account for 5%to 10%of the total jewelry consumption, which shows that China's red jewel market still has huge development potential. But the current situation is that the quality of red sapphire in the market is different, the price is large, and consumers are not confident in the red and sapphire market. The national standard of red and sapphire grades in my country has completed the application for application. The National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center inspected and analyzed the Thai red sapphire grading standards. material. Shenzhen Xingzhong Thai Gem Co., Ltd. has developed the corporate standards of Ruby quality evaluation, and has participated in discussions with relevant appraisal units and scholars at home and abroad. The National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center also conducted detailed exchanges and discussions with the ancient Berlin gemstone laboratory of red and blue gemstones. At present, various types of red and sapphire samples are being collected in the origin to gradually establish the characteristic database of red sapphire gemstones in different origin. In terms of laboratory identification, the study of the appraisal characteristics of the heat treatment, high temperature heat treatment, and various types of filling treatment treatment is in progress.
(2) Research on red long stone
In the past two or three years, a red transparent long stone has appeared in the jewelry market at home and abroad, which has caused widespread controversy. Whether the red stones appearing on the market in Inner Mongolia and the market on the market are naturally due to the natural cause, the characteristics of the State Procuratorate Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Tongji University and other units to the gemstone characteristics and each of Guoyang Zhongchang Stone in Inner Mongolia The morphological science, "rock science" and gemstone characteristics of red stones were studied in detail.
In detailed analysis of the chemical composition, trace elements, various spectral characteristics of the long stone, and the appearance of long stone appearance residues and other macro characteristics. Compared with, the mass score of CU in its chemical composition is much higher than the similar content in yellow stones, while the mass scores of other trace elements are not obvious. Therefore The results showed that the red stone sample was mainly located at 566 nanometer in the visible light zone. It is speculated that it may be related to CU's absorption of visible light.
The research method of traditional rock science, through the study of the long stone original surrounding rock and its residuals (minerals), found that the original rock of the surrounding rock was a neutralized sexual invasion of the rock, and the surrounding rock contained glass and air holes. The residues on the surface of the fence and long stone contain a large amount of copper and iron. Studies have shown that the surrounding rock has a high -temperature sintering effect of the later period. Some dark minerals and foreign substances (solvents) form a glass in the sintering process and produce a large amount of bubbles. Further test reveals that some of the red stone gifted specimens collected through high temperature diffusion processing process. Although some characteristics of natural generated causes in carbonate rocks in carbonate rocks, they need to conduct further work such as field geological surveys to confirm whether there are natural red stones.
(3) Research on tourmaline filling
This tourmaline is welcomed by more and more people with its gorgeous colors and rich colors, and the price has gradually increased. Therefore, the imitation of tourmaline has gradually increased. Recently, a new type of tourmaline imitations have been found in the market, namely a rare earth with ER and PB elements. Its appearance color is extremely similar to the natural tourmaline. It is also found that a variety of cracks are filled with tourmaline. To this end, jewelry testing units are conducting research on the identification characteristics and achieved some results.
(4) The study of emeralds
The major emeralds on the market have improved the clarity. People have gradually accepted this processing method, but they all think that there should be appropriate ways to reveal Essence Discussion on emerald charging has always been the topic and difficulties in jewelry academic and emerald trade. Whether it can accurately distinguish various films is the core issue. Regarding the nature and characteristics of emerald charging and the durability test of filling emeralds have done more detailed research abroad, but in actual identification, many challenges from technical reasons are still facing many aspects of technical reasons. Based on the current status of the emerald market, the National Inspection Center Lab is systematically analyzing and researching the classification and appraisal characteristics of emerald charging, and seek more feasible and effective appraisal methods. Study summarizes the current emerald charging commonly on the market, classify and provide effective laboratory identification methods. In addition to the "flash" effect and infrared spectrum characteristics, the latest achievements are also a effective detection method for distinguishing emerald charging, researching the distribution of films, and the degree of filling. Combined with amplifying and infrared spectrals, most of the emerald charging types can be determined. However, when the peak of the infrared spectrum of the filler is not obvious, the micro -observation of the filler features must be combined with the lighting features. This work is currently underway. In addition, domestic scholars continue to study the characteristics of geological, minerals, and gemstology of emeralds in Yunnan.
2.3 Jade Study
(1) The research of jadeite
The research on jadeite has always been a hot spot in jewelry research. Rock scientists, miners, gem scientists, and jewelry evaluation experts have conducted detailed research on the composition, structural characteristics, color causes, quality classification, evaluation, etc. of the emerald. On the basis of previous years of research, Ms. Ouyang Qiumei, a Hong Kong emerald expert in Hong Kong in my country, to three kinds of black emeralds (black chicken breeds, cooled green, gallery jadeite, sodium chromatoplasty jadeite) , Trace elements, rock structural characteristics, gemstone characteristics, etc. have studied and discussed possible issues of belonging. Scholars of the Chinese University of Geosciences (Beijing) Jewelry and Peking University have carried out further work on the structural characteristics of jadeite. Based on its formation phase and rock phase characteristics, the structure of Myanmar ligament is divided into three categories: native structure, deformation and degenerative structure, and post -reducing filling structure. According to the specific characteristics of the major categories, further classification is made, each structure is described in detail, and the significance of the gem science of each structure is discussed. Deformation and deterioration is an indispensable condition for the formation of emeralds. It is pointed out that multi -phase, multi -stage, and deformation mechanisms have significantly different positions due to the location of the riffing rocks, which leads to unique characteristics of emeralds.
In recent years, the National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center has been committed to the research work of the national standard of "Emerald Grade". In June 2009, the national standard "GB/T 23885-2009) has been promulgated and implemented. The emerald graded physical standard sample is under development.
Over the years, Chinese jewelry researchers have continuously explored experiments on synthetic emeralds to provide a basis for analyzing the mining conditions of jadeite, but they have little progress.
Figure 7-1-7 Signing Ceremony for the cooperation of Hetian Jade Scientific Research Projects
(2) Hetian Yu's true and false leather color research project
in recent years, Hetian jade natural skin has encountered various simulation processing Severe challenges of technology. In the face of the various one that appears in the market, how to quickly and accurately identify it is not only a problem faced by jewelry companies when purchasing, but also a technical problem faced by appraisal agencies. Therefore, studying the mineral characteristics and formation mechanisms of Tianyu's natural color skin, and finding the diagnostic characteristics and technical indicators of Hetian Yu natural color skin and pseudo skin, is a research topic that urgently needs to be resolved in the jewelry industry. To this end, in August 2009, the National Inspection Center and He Yuyuan Company conducted scientific research cooperation, launched a research project with the characteristics of the real and false leather appraisal of Hetian Yu, and also opened a new model of "research enterprise cooperation" in my country's jewelry industry.
(3) The study of Tian Huang
Over the years, my country's jewelry researchers have done a lot of work on the study of the characteristics of true and false Tianhuang. In recent years, scholars of China University of Geosciences and Peking University have adopted X -ray powder diffraction instruments, scanning electron microscopes (compatriots), and infrared spectrometers. The mineral composition and its micro -appearance characteristics of the weathered skin were preliminarily studied. It was found that Tianhuang samples were mainly composed of ground stones and pearl pottery in the kaolin stone minerals. Some samples also contained a small amount of Yili Stone and quartz. The existence of kaolin stone, and the kaolida stone was found in the weathered skin. The crystal particles of the Gaoling Stone Minerals in the field of the fields of the fields are different, and the degree of crystals is different. Some "radish silk lines" and the border between matrix have a certain limit. Due to the water rock reaction and external forces in the weathering skin, the specific crystals have been lost due to the water rock response and external force, but the kaolin stone minerals in the concave pit still maintain a good crystal form. Tian Huang's basic mineral research needs to be further strengthened, and the identification research of true and false Tian Huang is still a continued topic.
(4) The survey of "Huanglong Jade"
If in the area of ​​Longling County, Longling County, Paushan City, which borders Burma City in the western border of Yunnan Province, people discovered a kind of jade variety -yellow quartz Quality rock. In the past, people called this jade "Dragon Heart Stone", which is commonly known as "Huanglong Jade" because of its color and place of origin. In November 2009, the National Jewelry Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center was invited to form a joint investigation team with Yunnan Provincial Quality Inspection and other units to conduct field investigations in the "Huanglong Jade" mines and finished products and wool trading markets.
Figure 7-1-8 Yunnan Longling produced yellow quartz rocks
(commonly known as "Huanglongyu")
The person in charge of the People's Government of Longling County stated that he will actively cooperate with the National Prosecutor's Center to do a good job of Huanglong The basic research work of Jade Kai, comprehensively do a good job of talent training, provide technical talents for the development of Huanglong jade industry in Longling County, and hope that "Huanglong Yu" will be included in the national standard as a new natural jade.
2.4 The study of amber identification
This is a natural organic mixture with complex components, and in different regions, different tree species, and different ages, there will be a large difference in composition. In recent years, a variety of natural, optimized and processed amber has put forward new challenges in the market. For example, some foreign substances are often introduced during the processing of amber, such as the polishing surface of the polishing surface, adhesive, etc., which will turn the conventional identification parameters of amber. The "green amber" appraisal made of high -pressure kettle multi -process heat treatment is very low accuracy when using traditional microscope or conventional instrument detection. To this end, the National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center systematically tested the infrared absorption spectrum of various types of amber, and visited manufacturers engaged in amber treatment. They also conducted research on the collection and test methods of samples. To identify the indicators of amber. At the same time, in order to analyze the possible changes in the molecular structure before and after amber treatment, technical exchanges and discussions with relevant experts at home and abroad, some results need to be further verified to promote it.
3. Detection technical method research
Jewelry detection technology is mainly various images and spectral non -destructive detection methods. In recent years, the research on the detection methods abroad is mainly limited to the automation improvement of instruments, and the research on basic principles and methods has made little progress. In recent years, while actively using and learning advanced large -scale non -destructive detection instruments, my country has actively developed new types of instruments and equipment used in the jewelry industry. Among them, the successful development of pearl automation sorting equipment and the successful development of optical coexistence technology (O CT) observation measurement and measurement of the thickness of pearl layer thickness and defective instruments marked the leading results of my country in the field of image jewelry lossless detection instruments.
3.1 Successful development of pearl automation sorting equipment
On January 17, 2009, Oriental Shenzhou Group organized the "Pearl Automation Sorting Equipment Development and 10,000 acres of pearl three -dimensional ecological breeding bases to build a press conference" , An announcement of the successful development of automated sorting equipment.
The pearl automation sorting equipment is self -developed by the company for three years, and a set of automatic sorting equipment for different smoothness, shapes, gloss, and colors of the 6-12 mm specifications. The sorting speed reaches 1 per second, and the accuracy of the appointment in the second stage is not less than 95%. Each device fault treatment time is not more than 4 hours (spare parts system). In addition, the whole machine requires automation control with computer. The assignment level can be set for manual segments, simple operation, stable and reliable performance, and the service life reaches more than 5 years.
The sorting of 9 mm pearl as an example. The amount of processing per hour is 4.06 kg, and the 8 -hour work is 32.48 kg. The annual production of 300 days of single class production can be split 10 tons. This will change the artificial density of the pearl industry in the past, greatly reduce the labor cost of the enterprise, and improve the efficiency of work.
The successful development of pearl automation sorting equipment will enable our pearl processing into the era of mechanization. It is a milestone modern industrial revolution in the pearl industry. On the other hand, the standards for mechanized sorting tests confirm the significance of the national pearl physical samples, and end the history of unable to judge quality value in the field of domestic and international pearl terminal consumption.
3.2 The successful development of optical coherence analysis of non -destructive imaginger (OCT)
O optical coherent analyzer (O CT) was originally applied to the field of biomedicine. technology. At the beginning of 2006, the National Jewelry Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University, and Shenzhen Motin Mo Ting Image Technology Co., Ltd. began to cooperate to take the lead in introducing O CT into the jewelry field and developed the world's first near -infrared pearl non -destructive imaging detector detector Essence After the development of 4 generations of prototypes, the Os and II optical coherent analyzers produced in 2009 have a resolution of 0.015 mm, and the theoretical measurement range is 0.06 to 2.5 mm and 0.06 to 5.5 mm, respectively. However, depending on the different types of gemstones, the actual measurement depth varies.
Figure 7-1-9 OSG-1000I pearl grading instrument
Figure 7-1-10 Oct for the imaging diagram of pearl bead layer thick measurement
compared with other bead layer thick measurement methods The optical coherent layer of analysis technology has the advantages of clear images, no radiation, and measured the advantages of fast, accurate, non -destructive, safety and other advantages. Optical related layer analysis of imaging technology (O CT) is a new technology that analyzes the imaging of objects. As a non -destructive detection method for high -resolution imaging, O CT can be used to identify authentic pearls, distinguish between sea water and nuclear pearls and freshwater non -nuclear pearls, and determine the thickness of pearls. Application prospects.
3.3 Development and application of other non -destructive image technology
In recent years, various surface treatment or optimized products have appeared in the jewelry and jade market at home and abroad, such as multi -layer surface coating, inorganic staining, ionic ions Inject color changes, artificial marks, etc. Traditional gem microscope has not been effectively observed due to its magnification rate and resolution limitations. The micro -appraisal characteristics on the surface of the jewelry material that have been treated by the processing are not effectively observed. To this end, my country's jewelry technology workers are actively developing the application of high magnification and high -resolution microscope in jewelry detection. If the microscope of the microscope is used to observe the characteristics of natural and synthetic jewelry surface growth, erosion, and deformation micro -appearance characteristics, find out the treatment characteristics of the surface of the grinding gemstone, dyeing, etc. Essence Application research in jewelery research and identification in jewelery research and appraisal of high magnification, high -resolution microscope will help us solve some problems in jewelry appraisal.
It, Baoxiezheng, Dandong City, Liaoning, tried to apply mature X -ray detection technology to the field of jewelry testing. The developed X -ray jewelry identification instrument enabled large -scale non -destructive detection instruments to minimize and intelligent. In recent years, domestic jewelry testing agencies have developed some efficient spectral instruments, such as fiber fiber spectrometers, portable infrared spectrum, and Raman scattered spectrometer, and have achieved some results. In the inspection of precious metal jewelry, the National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center carried out research on the development of platinum alloy labels. The National Inspection Center carried out discussions on how to detect the harmful elements in low -grade precious metal jewelry.